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Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases

»Discuss the skin changes of lupus erythematosus.
»What is acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE)?
»Are there any common skin eruptions that may be confused with acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus?
»What is subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)?
»Do patients with SCLE have SLE?
»How do you make a diagnosis of SCLE?
»What is the initial workup of SCLE?
»How is SCLE managed?
»What is chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus?
»Describe the skin changes of discoid lupus erythematosus.
»Do patients with DLE develop systemic lupus erythematosus?
»How is discoid lupus erythematosus treated?
»What is minocycline-induced lupus?
»What is lupus panniculitis?
»Describe the bullous eruption of SLE.
»How is the bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus treated?
»What is neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE)?
»Which tests should be done in an infant with suspected NLE?
»Once a diagnosis of NLE is made, what workup should be done?
»What is the lupus band test?
»What is scleroderma?
»What is the CREST syndrome?
»Describe the early cutaneousfindings in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS).
»What is dermatomyositis?
»Are there skin changes diagnostic of dermatomyositis?
»How do you diagnose dermatomyositis?
»Are any diseases associated with dermatomyositis?
»What is the antisynthetase syndrome?
»What is an overlap syndrome?
»What is mixed connective tissue disease?
»What is the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome?
»What are some other connective tissue diseases with cutaneous manifestations?
»What autoantibodies are associated with the different autoimmune connective tissue diseases?

 
 
 

What is the initial workup of SCLE?

Once a diagnosis of SCLE is made, it is important to evaluate for the presence of SLE:
  • History and physical examination data should be gathered to identify manifestations of SLE in other organ systems.
  • Laboratory testing should be directed by findings on the history and physical exam but will generally include a complete blood count with differential, urinalysis, serum chemistries including renal function tests, and an ANA panel to include anti–Ro/SS-A, anti–La/SS-B, and anti–native DNA antibodies. Complement determinations may be ordered since some SCLE patients have partial or complete complement deficiencies.
  • A medication history is very important since SCLE may be triggered or worsened by a number of medications, especially thiazide diuretics (Table 22-2). Some physicians recommend avoiding estrogens and sulfonamides in any patient with LE.