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Pediatric Dermatology

»	What is the most common skin disease seen in children?
»	Name the papulopustular facial eruption often associated with inappropriate topical steroid use.
»	At what age does atopic dermatitis typically begin?
»	What is the natural history of atopic dermatitis?
»	What organism commonly complicates irritant diaper dermatitis?
»	Red, scaly, itchy, weight-bearing skin surfaces of the feet in children are usually not due to tinea pedis, but to what?
»	Plant dermatitis, such as poison ivy, is the most prevalent cause of allergic contact dermatitis in children. What are some others?
»	One- to 2-mm keratotic papules located on the face, outer upper arms, and thighs are frequently misdiagnosed as folliculitis. What are they really?
»	What is the most common cutaneous bacterial infection in children?
»	What two organisms are most often responsible for tinea capitis?
»	How is tinea capitis treated?
»	What is the hypersensitivity reaction to tinea capitis that is commonly mistaken for a bacterial superinfection?
»	Name the three conditions most often misdiagnosed as tinea corporis.
»	What percentage of children with psoriasis will have guttate psoriasis?
»	Describe the rash associated with childhood dermatomyositis.
»	A child’s mother tells you that the rash started at one end of her child’s extremity and has now progressed to form a line the entire length of the limb. What is your diagnosis?
»	Name the most common sun-induced disease of childhood.
»	If it is not sunburn but a photosensitive eruption is suspected, what is it?
»	Name the mildly inflammatory tongue eruption with day-to-day changes in appearance.
»	Which disease should be considered in a child with easy blistering of the skin?
»	Two common nodules are seen in childhood. Name them.
»	Crusted purpuric papules and a scaly seborrheic-like eruption in the scalp and groin are seen in what serious disease of childhood?
»	Name the skin nodule in childhood that is characterized by frequent bleeding.
»	Flesh-colored to brown macules and papules that hive when stroked (Darier’s sign) are diagnostic of what eruption?
»	The onset of annular erythema in sun-exposed areas in children less than 6 months of age should make you want to do what test on the infant’s mother?
»	Which is the most common type of vasculitis seen in children?
»	What is a spider telangiectasia (nevus araneus)?
»	Outline the major classes of hair loss in children.
»	List the three most common types of acquired circumscribed hair loss in children.
»	What are the two most common causes of congenital circumscribed hair loss?
»	What should you think of in a 3-year-old who has never required a haircut?
»	What are the cutaneous findings seen in tuberous sclerosis complex?
»	How many café-au-lait macules must be present on a child to make you worry about neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen’s disease)?
»	What is a Mongolian spot (middermal melanocytosis)?
»	What are congenital pigmented nevi, and who cares?
»	Child abuse is often incorrectly suspected when a young girl presents with what disease?

Child abuse is often incorrectly suspected when a young girl presents with what disease?

Lichen sclerosus. This problem frequently presents as hypopigmented perianal and perivaginal plaques. The epidermis is thinned, and the dermis is sclerotic. Purpura, telangiectasias, ulcerations, and excoriations may also be present. Itching and burning of the genital area are often the complaints that bring the child to the physician. Treatment is with superpotent topical steroids.

Smith SD, Fischer G: Paediatric vulval lichen sclerosus, Australas J Dermatol 50:243–248, 2009.