List the 13 basic facts regarding sun protection.- Sun damage is cumulative. Each dose of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), large and small, adds up, leading to skin wrinkling, dyspigmentation, and skin cancer.
- There is no such thing as a “healthy tan.” Skin tanning is a response to UVR skin injury.
- Avoid sun exposure between the hours of 10 am and 2 pm (11 am to 3 pm daylight savings time), when UVB is most intense. Plan outdoor activities for early morning or late afternoon.
- Protect the skin with clothing first, and apply sunscreen to any remaining unprotected skin.
- Beware of high-altitude sun exposure, where there is less (thinner) atmosphere to absorb UVR, and therefore the risk of sunburn is greater.
- UVR is stronger near the equator, where the sun’s rays strike the earth most directly.
- Use protective clothing and apply sunscreens even on overcast days. Although UVR is less intense on overcast days, it is still present and adds to cumulative skin damage.
- UVR is reflected off of sand, concrete, and snow and adds to the total UVR exposure. Because UVR is reflected and scattered, sitting in the shade is not totally protective and sunburn can occur.
- Do not use tanning beds. Although tanning beds emit primarily UVA, overexposure can cause sunburn, and their use enhances skin aging and the risk for skin cancer.
- People at high risk for skin cancer (persons with skin types I and II, outdoor workers, and persons with a history of skin cancer or a photosensitivity disorder) should apply sunscreens daily.
- Some medications (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and birth control pills, as well as over-the-counter products) and cosmetic ingredients (lime oil) can be photosensitizing.
- Keep infants and children out of direct sunlight. Begin using sunscreens on children after they learn to walk, and then allow sun exposure with moderation.
- Teach children sun protection early.
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